Scientists create embryos to save northern white rhinos

Scientists create embryos to save northern white rhinos
Fatu (R), 19, and her mother Najin, 30, are are the last of the subspecies of white rhino, and live under 24-hour armed guard

Conservationists have successfully created two northern white rhino embryos in a key step towards pulling the species back from the brink of extinction, scientists in Italy said Wednesday.

There are only two survivors in the world, and both are female and unable to carry calves. The last male, named Sudan, died at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya last year, making scientists the majestic animals' last chance.

Using eggs harvested from the females and frozen sperm from deceased males, a team in Cremona in Italy has been able to create two viable , according to the BioRescue international consortium of scientists.

Najin, 30, and daughter Fatu, 19, are the last of the subspecies of white rhino, and live under 24-hour armed guard.

Neither is able to carry a calf. Fatu has degenerative lesions in her uterus and Najin has weak hind legs which could cause complications if she fell pregnant.

In August they underwent a highly risky procedure carried out by a team of international vets, which saw them anesthetized for almost two hours, and their eggs extracted using techniques that have taken years of research and development.

At the Italian biotech laboratory Avantea, those eggs were then fertilized with sperm from males Suni and Saut—though only two of Fatu's eggs developed into viable embryos.

They have now been stored in to be transferred into a surrogate mother in the near future.

"Major step forward'

"Five years ago, it seemed like the production of a northern white rhino embryo was an almost unachievable goal—and today we have them," said Jan Stejskal, communications director at the Dvur Kralove Zoo, where Najin and Fatu were born.

The coming months would be dedicated to optimizing a technique to transfer the embryos into a surrogate rhino, he said.

Richard Vigne, managing director of Ol Pejeta, hailed the "major step forward," but warned "we have a very long way to go."

"Global human behavior still needs to radically change if the lessons of the northern white rhinos are to be learned," he said.

There are five rhino species remaining on earth, of which black and white rhinos are found in Africa. The northern white rhino is generally considered a subspecies of white rhino although some scientists believe it to be a sixth species.

Rhinos have few predators in the wild due to their size but have been devastated by poaching for their horns—used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Modern have plodded the earth for 26 million years. As recently as the mid-19th century there were more than one million in Africa. The western black rhino was declared extinct in 2011.

The northern white rhino once roamed Uganda, the Central African Republic, Sudan and Chad.

It is hoped a revived population—which could take up to 70 years—could eventually be re-introduced into secure habitats in these areas.

© 2019 AFP

Citation: Scientists create embryos to save northern white rhinos (2019, September 11) retrieved 28 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2019-09-scientists-embryos-northern-white-rhinos.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Scientists a step closer to saving northern white rhino from extinction

731 shares

Feedback to editors