Research reveals insights into optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures

University of Arkansas researchers have helped define the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures, work that could lead to improved sensors in security and biomedical devices, and have applications in solar cells. The research team in the Department of Physics recently published its findings in the journal PLOS ONE.

Plasmons are waves of electrons on the surface of a metal. The frequency of these electronic waves can be altered to couple with light by changing the particle size, shape, material and surrounding environment. The plasmons can increase light intensity and focus the light down to nanoscale volumes, which can be useful for a variety of nanoscience applications.

The core of the work is the subject of graduate student Pijush K. Ghosh's master thesis in physics. Ghosh collaborated with fellow graduate students Desalegn T. Debu and David A. French for the journal article, titled "Calculated thickness dependent plasmonic properties of gold nanobars in the visible to near-infrared light regime." The students are part of a physics research group led by assistant professor Joseph Herzog.

This work explores the optical properties of rectangular-shaped gold nanoparticles, in particular how they scatter light and the strength of the scattered light near the nanoparticle. The researchers determined how variations in the structures' geometry affected how they coupled with light, making it easier to work with structures that aren't perfectly square. The findings could enable plasmonic devices, such as sensors, to be more accurately tuned for a specific application.

"Making nanostructures with perfectly square corners is difficult using common nanofabrication techniques," Ghosh said. "In our work, we investigated realistic structures with rounded corners. The work determined the difference in resonance wavelength of round-corner and sharp-corner nanobars. We also found how the spectrum precisely shifts as you make thicker nanobars. This reveals insight into another dimension of the structures that allows for more control and tunability of these plasmonic nanostructures."