Why does Venus' atmosphere rotate sixty times faster than its surface?

Why does Venus’ atmosphere rotate sixty times faster than its surface?
Venus Express probe on a real image of Venus atmospheric waves.

Venus is a slowly rotating planet since it takes about two hundred and forty three terrestrial days to complete a round about itself. Its atmosphere is expected to rotate with the same rhythm as well, but in the case of Venus it takes only four days. The origin and motor of this superrotation is so far unknown, but the numerous waves present in the planet's atmosphere may play an important role. A study has just identified the nature of these waves for the first time.

"Venus is a mind bender for specialists in atmospheric dynamics. Its winds reach velocities higher than four hundred kilometers per hour, seventy times faster than the rotation of the planet. The fastest winds on Earth, to give one an idea, are far below that mark", says Javier Peralta, researcher at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC) who is leading the study, "But after thirty years of research, we still lack a physical model that can faithfully reproduce the superrotation of Venus", he says.

Atmospheric waves display an extraordinary activity and variety, and they are key to describing the circulation on the of Venus, but their nature and properties remain unknown. This is mostly due to the fact that the dynamics of Venus' atmosphere is radically different from planets with higher rotation velocities such as Mars or the Earth: while wind plays a predominant role in the equilibrium of atmospheric pressure of the former, in the latter two the dominant factor is rotation.

"We have for the first time solved the equations describing the movement of the particular to Venus, which in turn has allowed us to identify the nature of the waves observed by the Venus Express mission", says Javier Peralta (IAA-CSIC). The study, which has classified six different types of waves and has predicted their characteristics, provides a new systematic tool to classify waves. Henceforth it will be possible to assess their role in transporting, creating and dissipating the atmosphere's energy.

Why does Venus’ atmosphere rotate sixty times faster than its surface?

"Some of the waves we have found, such as the or the , have properties almost identical to those on Earth," says Javier Peralta (IAA-CSIC)-. "Other types of waves, however, do not exist on our planet, like the ones we have called centrifugal waves and are responsible for the two hundred and fifty five day oscillations displayed by the winds of Venus".

This study will allow a profound study of the not only on Venus' atmosphere, but also on that of Titan, the biggest of Saturn's moons, which also has a superrotating atmosphere. Likewise, the conclusions of the research apply to many planets around other stars which, according to available data, may also display superrotation.

More information: J. Peralta et al. "Analytical Solution for Waves in Planets with Atmospheric Superrotation. Part 1: Acoustic and Inertia-gravity Waves". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. iopscience.iop.org/0067-0049/213/1/18/article DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/17

J. Peralta et al. "Analytical Solution for Waves in Planets with Atmospheric Superrotation. Part 2: Lamb, Surface and Centrifugal Waves". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. iopscience.iop.org/0067-0049/213/1/17/article DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/18

Journal information: Astrophysical Journal Supplement

Provided by Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía

Citation: Why does Venus' atmosphere rotate sixty times faster than its surface? (2014, July 10) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2014-07-venus-atmosphere-rotate-sixty-faster.html
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