I like how the paper find that it is unlikely the different human populations were incipient species. ("Incipient speciation is the evolutionary process in which new species form but are still capable of interbreeding; it can be the first part of the larger process of speciation." [https://en.wikipe...eciation ])

While this is a subjective question, our results suggest that genomic data—although clearly showing a signal of selection against introgression—do not strongly support the view that Neanderthals and humans should be viewed as incipient species.

I.e. *they were us and we are them*, disregarding cultural differences.