A critical characteristic for current Li-ion batteries is the volume change. It is unclear from the article if this new approach has the same problem.

Generally, Li-ion cells do have the averse property of changing their volume when being charged or discharged. It is exactly this property that is a major contributor to the degradation of Li-ion cells.
"The XRD and XAS studies, along with computational simulations, displayed how the anode structure changes upon cycling".
Apparently there are changes taking place that improve the overall electrode structure. As stated in the report: "....titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrodes that can actually improve their own electrochemical performance as they are used". This allows the conclusion that such volumetric changes are not taking place. Otherwise, the cells would degrade as is commonly the case.