Plants & Animals
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to go to their treat; why do some animals learn to interact with the bell instead?
High school students learn that Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to associate the sound of a bell with getting food. The association was so strong that the dogs would begin to salivate when they heard the bell, before there ...
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Reduction in supply of prey was decisive factor in extinction of saber-toothed tigers, study finds
In two new studies, researchers at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, have shed light on how interactions between predators and prey influenced the extinction of saber-toothed tigers ...
Evolution
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Astronomers perform a comprehensive study of two open clusters
Using the TUBITAK National Observatory and ESA's Gaia satellite, astronomers from the Istanbul University in Turkey and elsewhere have conducted comprehensive observations of two open clusters, namely: Czernik 41 and NGC ...
A promising pathway for the electrical switching of altermagnetism
The ability to switch magnetism, or, in other words, to change the orientation of a material's magnetic moments, using only electricity, could open new opportunities for the efficient storage of data in hard drives and other ...
New evidence from pterosaur's fossilized stomach helps settle longstanding debate about its diet
The Mesozoic pterosaur is considered to be the first vertebrate to achieve powered flight and new evidence, also the first of its kind, helps to pin down what exactly this flying reptile ate. Previously, scientists had trouble ...
Melting Arctic ice bolstering North Atlantic Ocean currents, for now
From more frequent wildfires to rising sea levels, climate change is disrupting ecosystems and upending once-stable weather patterns. One particularly alarming consequence of rising global temperatures is the potential collapse ...
Comparing first-trimester UTI antibiotics and congenital malformations
A collaboration between Vanderbilt University and Washington University researchers produced a population-based cohort study suggesting first-trimester treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ...
First publicly available Japanese AI dialogue system can speak and listen simultaneously
How do you develop an AI system that perfectly mimics the way humans speak? Researchers at Nagoya University in Japan have taken a significant step forward to achieve this. They have created J-Moshi, the first publicly available ...
Robotics
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Want to boost your brain as you age? Music might be the answer
Long-term musical training may mitigate the age-related decline in speech perception by enhancing cognitive reserve, according to a study published in PLOS Biology by Claude Alain from the Baycrest Academy for Research and ...
Neuroscience
2 hours ago
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The Future is Interdisciplinary
Find out how ACS can accelerate your research to keep up with the discoveries that are pushing us into science’s next frontier
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Childhood trauma shapes adult stress appraisal and mental health outcomes, research reveals
University of Leeds psychologists report that stress appraisal and perceived stress act as key conduits linking childhood trauma to adult depression, anxiety, defeat, and entrapment.
Genetic evidence casts doubt on early colonization timelines in Australia
Researchers at La Trobe University, Australia, and the University of Utah, U.S., report that recent DNA findings challenge claims of a 65,000-year-old human arrival in Sahul—the ancient paleocontinent that existed during ...
Ancient footprints reveal Neanderthal family hunts on beaches
Ancient footprints found near the shores of Portugal's Algarve region are giving us fresh insights into the lives of coastal-dwelling Neanderthals. An international study led by Carlos Neto de Carvalho of the University of ...
A chaos-modulated metasurface for physical-layer secure communications
With so many people using devices that can be connected to the internet, reliably securing wireless communications and protecting the data they are exchanging is of growing importance. While computer scientists have devised ...
Don't bet on Friday: Research shows financial risk-taking rises at end of work week, without payoff
The ancient Roman leader Julius Caesar, in the hands of Shakespeare, was warned to "beware the Ides of March." But 21st century data shows it's the end of the work week, the month and year that financial investors should ...
Social Sciences
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Scientists unravel how a tiny region of the brain helps us form distinct memories
Life may unfold as a continuous stream, but our memories tell a different story. We do not recall the past as one long, unbroken text. Instead, we remember it as a series of meaningful events, like how sentences are structured ...
Neuroscience
2 hours ago
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AI that thinks like us? Researchers unveil new model to predict human behavior
Imagine a self-driving car navigating downtown traffic. To avoid a collision, it must judge whether the pedestrian at the corner is about to cross. Or consider an investment algorithm trading stocks—it needs to anticipate ...
Computer Sciences
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Ultra-hot Jupiter's death spiral could reveal stellar secrets
Macquarie University astronomers have tracked an extreme planet's orbital decay, confirming it is spiraling toward its star in a cosmic death dance that could end in three possible ways.
Astronomy
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Inverse relationship between solar corona brightness and velocity of coronal mass ejections discovered
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) detailed an inverse relationship between the brightness of the solar corona and the velocity of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal on July ...
Planetary Sciences
2 hours ago
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Wriggling robot worms team up to crawl up walls and cross obstacles
The slimy, segmented, bottom-dwelling California blackworm is about as unappealing as it gets—but get a few dozen or thousand together, and they form a massive, entangled blob that seems to take on a life of its own.
Robotics
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Study reveals hidden enzyme redundancy in staph bacteria's survival pathways
In the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, MSU researchers have made a discovery that could reshape how we target deadly pathogens like staph infections.
Whose turn is it? The question is at the heart of language, and chimpanzees ask it too
When we think about what sets humans apart from other animals, language often comes to mind. Language is more than words—it also relies on the ability to build shared understanding through conversation.
Consolation, community, national identity in the UK: What is lost when pubs close, and how they can be saved
Recent figures from the British Beer and Pub Association show that pubs will close at the rate of one a day in the UK during 2025. This is just the latest chapter in a familiar story—more than a quarter of British pubs ...
Why many Americans still think Darwin was wrong, yet the British do not
One hundred years after a Tennessee teacher named John Scopes started a legal battle over what the state's schools can teach children, Americans are still divided over evolution.
How to give children the freedom to play all across the city, not just on playgrounds
Children play everywhere. Yet their right to play—protected by a UN convention—is constantly challenged by adults.
The Habitable Worlds Observatory could find more very massive stars
Very massive stars (VMSs) have had a massive impact on the formation of our universe. However, there aren't very many of them, with only around 20 known specimens in the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud. Even observing ...
How universities can keep protests from turning violent: Three lessons from the 2024 pro-Palestinian encampments
In spring 2024, pro-Palestinian student encampments that began at Columbia and Harvard spread to university campuses throughout the U.S. as Israel invaded Gaza in response to Hamas' Oct. 7, 2023, surprise attack. At least ...
Auditors' disclosure style can affect how their competence is perceived
Research appearing in the International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation raises important questions about how auditors communicate complex professional judgments. A team at Shandong University of ...
Synthetic biology could support future outposts on the moon and Mars
As humanity sets its sights on long-duration missions to the moon, Mars, and beyond, keeping astronauts healthy will be as critical as building rockets or habitats. A new paper appearing in npj Microgravity explores the possibilities ...
An alternative adhesive for wearable medical devices could offer relief for allergy-prone skin
Wearable health care devices, such as glucose monitors and heart monitors, are popular due to their ability to gather real-time data that supports users' health and safety.
A new approach for generating inner ear hair cells expands research possibilities
Scientists have created a more efficient and controlled way to produce lab-grown inner ear hair cells than current methods allow, offering a new tool for hearing loss research.
How women are trapped in years of homelessness that often begin in their teens
Many women without children in their care who become homeless in Canada remain homeless for many years. Yet their experiences remain misunderstood and largely ignored because of the ways we define and measure homelessness ...
Eradicated since 1929: Scientists work to keep foot and mouth disease away
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating illness that impacts cloven-hoofed animals like cows and pigs. It was eradicated in the United States in 1929, and, thanks to strict prevention measures, there has not been another ...
Taliban 'maintaining a balancing act' in relationships with other local jihadi groups, study shows
Taliban leaders have chosen to maintain a delicate balancing act in their relationships with other local violent jihadi groups since taking power in Afghanistan, new research shows.
New insights into the fish community in wind farms in Germany
A cooperation between the Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries in Bremerhaven and the offshore wind farm operator Northland Power provides insights into the fish communities of a wind farm in the southern German Bight for the ...
Corals crossbred to boost genetic diversity for Florida and Caribbean reefs
In a groundbreaking, first-of-its-kind milestone for coral restoration, scientists from the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Tela Marine and The Florida Aquarium have outplanted ...
Expert comment: Sustainable farming and animal welfare
Dr Sharmini Julita Paramasivam, Associate Professor in Veterinary Behavior and Animal Welfare at the University of Surrey, and Luisa Soares, Lecturer in Production Animal Medicine at the University of Surrey, share their ...
Rethinking the MBA: Character as the educational foundation for future business leaders
Programs to help students discern their vocation or calling are gaining prominence in higher education.
Medieval medicine was smarter than you think—and weirdly similar to TikTok trends
It turns out the Dark Ages weren't all that dark. According to new research, medieval medicine was way more sophisticated than previously thought, and some of its remedies are trending today on TikTok.
Many fish are social, but pesticides are pushing them apart
Scientists have detected pesticides in rivers, lakes and oceans worldwide. So what are these pesticides doing to the fish?
